The other functions of the limbic lobe include the gathering of environment from sources such as the environment as well as sending signals to the brain. These signals control the processing of emotions, memories, and reactions.
The limbic system is made up of a variety of other smaller organs such as the amygdala and the hippocampus. It is also closely linked to the endocrine system, thus contributing to emotional reactions. What are Brain Lobes and How are they Important? Frontal Lobe The frontal lobe gets its name because it is found at the very front of the cerebrum. Some primary functions of the frontal lobe include: Dopamine-sensitive neurons can be found in the frontal lobe, so reward and motivation are two factors that occur here.
Social interactions are controlled by this sector of the brain, so it helps to regulate behavior and decision-making. Predict potential consequences for actions. Storing long-term memories. Processing of memories driving from the limbic system. Controlling your impulses. Controls your attention spend, particularly concerning selective attention. Identifying the similarities and differences between people.
Parietal Lobe The parietal lobe can be found above the occipital lobe and behind the frontal lobe. Some primary functions of the parietal lobe include: Perception of touch and being able to identify the differences between two objects. Understanding the concept and relationship of numbers. Understanding the space around you and being able to map out regions.
Process the things you see. Coordination between your eyes, arms, and hands. Processing of language and speaking. Occipital Lobe The occipital lobe can be found underneath the parietal lobe and above the temporal lobe. These regions include the following: V1 Visual Cortex-The primary visual cortex that assists the brain in determining the location, navigation, and color around you.
V2 Ventral Stream- Assists the brain in understanding what is being seen. Dorsomedial Stream- This is not a very well-understood region, but it is theorized that is receives information from the V1 and V2.
Temporal Lobe The temporal lobe can be found just below the temples beneath the parietal and occipital lobes. Some primary functions of the temporal lobe include: Works with the hippocampus and amygdala to process memories.
Forms, processes, and stores any visual memories. Spatial relationships in the body are mirrored in the organization of the somatosensory cortex. Because the cerebral cortex in general, and the frontal lobe in particular, are associated with such sophisticated functions as planning and being self-aware they are often thought of as a higher, less primal portion of the brain. Indeed, other animals such as rats and kangaroos while they do have frontal regions of their brain do not have the same level of development in the cerebral cortices.
The closer an animal is to humans on the evolutionary tree—think chimpanzees and gorillas, the more developed is this portion of their brain. It contains the somatosensory cortex , which is essential for processing sensory information from across the body, such as touch, temperature, and pain.
The somatosensory cortex is organized topographically, which means that spatial relationships that exist in the body are generally maintained on the surface of the somatosensory cortex. For example, the portion of the cortex that processes sensory information from the hand is adjacent to the portion that processes information from the wrist.
Figure 6. The types of deficits are very different, however, depending on which area is affected. The auditory cortex , the main area responsible for processing auditory information, is located within the temporal lobe. The occipital lobe is located at the very back of the brain, and contains the primary visual cortex, which is responsible for interpreting incoming visual information.
You will learn much more about how visual information is processed in the occipital lobe when you study sensation and perception. Consider the following advice from Joseph LeDoux, a professor of neuroscience and psychology at New York University, as you learn about the specific parts of the brain:.
Be suspicious of any statement that says a brain area is a center responsible for some function. The notion of functions being products of brain areas or centers is left over from the days when most evidence about brain function was based on the effects of brain lesions localized to specific areas. Today, we think of functions as products of systems rather than of areas. Neurons in areas contribute because they are part of a system. The amygdala, for example, contributes to threat detection because it is part of a threat detection system.
And just because the amygdala contributes to threat detection does not mean that threat detection is the only function to which it contributes. Preview All Resources. Premium Feature Emailing resources to clients is restricted to only the Advanced and Team plans. Editable version PPT Powerpoint. The cognitive functions associated with these lobes can be summarized as follows: The frontal lobe is the last area of the cerebral cortex to mature, and is associated with some of the most complex aspects of human cognition, especially the executive functions that guide and monitor complex behavior Vincent et al, The inferior parts of the frontal lobe are closely associated with working memory : the ability to temporarily store and use information such as when doing mental arithmetic or solving an anagram , which is sometimes included as part of the executive functions Miyake et al, The primary motor cortex is located at the posterior of the frontal lobe, anterior to the central sulcus.
This brain area is responsible for voluntary movement of body muscles. The parietal lobe is an association cortex, where different kinds of information are brought together Ham et al, The primary somatosensory cortex is behind the central sulcus, and it receives information from the body about touch, temperature and pain.
The superior parietal lobe is associated with proprioception where the body is oriented in space , attention particularly spatial attention , spatial reasoning and mathematical ability. The inferior region of the parietal lobe, close to the Sylvian fissure, houses the gustatory cortex where information about taste is processed. The inferior parietal lobe also contains the supramarginal gyrus, which sits around the posterior end of the Sylvian fissure.
This is involved in the comprehension of speech and language Ogar et al, The temporal lobe is another association cortex and in the left hemisphere it is most closely associated with language processing. The primary auditory cortex receives sensory inputs for auditory stimuli hearing. The left superior temporal lobe is closely associated with the recognition and comprehension of language, and the retrieval of word meaning Ogar et al, The right temporal lobe is associated with recognizing individuals, identifying individual voices, and non-verbal auditory processing Scott, The inferior temporal lobes are visual association areas, involved with recognizing people, objects, words reading , and semantic memory Ogar et al, ; Karnath et al, The occipital lobe contains the primary visual cortex, which receives input from the eyes via the optic nerves and is responsible for visual perception.
This processes information about shape, color, orientation and movement. The cerebellum sits outside the cerebral cortex, sitting posterior and inferior to the occipital and temporal lobes.
It has a principal role in motor skills and movement, and helps to coordinate and monitor body movements, balance, and posture Manto, These include: The cingulate. The middle cingulate plays a role in attention and decision making, in particular the appraisal of a situation, monitoring and response selection Ham et al, The amygdala is part of the medial temporal lobe, and is involved in detecting threats and attributing affective value to stimuli.
It has a role in decision making, in particular responding to emotional stimuli e. A central part of the fight or flight response , it is closely associated with emotional states of anger , aggression, fear and anxiety.
The thalamus has been described as a hub or relay station. This gives it a key role in a wide range of cognitive functions, including the regulation of consciousness, sleep and attentional states.
Instructions This handout can be used as a psychoeducation resource, to introduce your client to brain structure and function. I have a picture of the brain here; it can help us to understand what has happened to you. For clients whose mental health conditions have a clear neurobiological underpinning, it can help to introduce brain structure and function: We have already talked about the intrusive memories that you have from your trauma.
To help you understand why those memories keep coming back, I have a picture of the brain, so that I can show you which parts of your brain are involved in having unwanted flashbacks. Today, I want to talk about what problems you are having, and how you are feeling. Different parts of your brain do different tasks.
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