They are also found in the vagina of about 10 to 20 per cent of women. These bacteria are usually not harmful, and only cause mild nose, throat or skin infections. SA makes several toxins and when the toxins enter your bloodstream you can have a severe reaction causing TSS.
The toxins may enter your bloodstream through a wound to the skin, including a surgical wound. TSS can also occur in menstruating women using tampons or a menstrual cup. Most people, however, are not affected by the toxins because they have developed antibodies to them. Symptoms of TSS include flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache and muscle soreness. These symptoms will develop quickly and are severe.
Other symptoms may include pain at the site of a wound, vomiting and diarrhea, signs of shock including low blood pressure and light-headedness, shortness of breath and sunburn-like rash.
In general, TSS symptoms can develop as soon as 12 hours after a surgical procedure. Symptoms usually develop in 3 to 5 days in women who are menstruating and using tampons. If you experience the above symptoms after using tampons or after a surgery or skin injury, contact your health care provider immediately.
Toxic shock syndrome requires immediate emergency care in a hospital. Call or go to the nearest emergency department right away if you think you have TSS. Talking about the risk of TSS is important as part of a larger discussion about healthy menstruation — especially for those who have just started their periods , Dr. Reinhold says. TSS is sometimes deadly, and the risk remains greater for women who use tampons specifically those with higher absorbency.
About half of the TSS cases today are menstruation-related. Manufacturers have made significant changes in how they make and label tampons since the s and that has helped drive the reduction in menstrual TSS. In addition to federal regulations and changes in the tampon industry, women actively helped drive the reduction as well. Change packing and bandages regularly, and see your doctor right away if you notice unusual redness or swelling.
If you suspect you have TSS, seek help immediately. Talk to your doctor or gynecologist if you have questions about TSS or other aspects of menstruation. It's often associated with tampon use in young women, but it can affect anyone of any age — including men and children. TSS gets worse very quickly and can be fatal if not treated promptly.
But if it's diagnosed and treated early, most people make a full recovery. Sometimes you may also have a wound on your skin where the bacteria got into your body, but it may not look infected. While these symptoms could be due to a different condition, it's important to contact your GP, a local out-of-hours service, or NHS as soon as possible if you have a combination of these symptoms. If you're wearing a tampon, remove it straight away.
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