Improve Article. Like Article. Next Types of Routing. Recommended Articles. Article Contributed By :. Easy Normal Medium Hard Expert. Writing code in comment? Please use ide. Load Comments. What's New. Most popular in Computer Networks. The original version or RIPv1 helps you determine network paths based on the IP destination and the hop count journey. RIPv1 also interacts with the network by broadcasting its IP table to all routers connected with the network.
It is introduced to overcome RIP limitations. The metrics used are load, bandwidth, delay, MTU, and reliability. It is widely used by routers to exchange routing data within an autonomous system. This type of routing protocol is the best for larger network size as it broadcasts after every 90 seconds, and it has a maximum hop count of It helps you to sustain larger networks compared to RIP.
IGRP is also widely used as it is resistant to routing loop because it updates itself automatically when route changes occur within the specific network. It is also given an option to load balance traffic across equal or unequal metric cost paths. Link State Protocols take a unique approach to search the best routing path.
In this protocol, the route is calculated based on the speed of the path to the destination and the cost of resources. EGP is a protocol used to exchange data between gateway hosts that are neighbors with each other within autonomous systems.
This routing protocol offers a forum for routers to share information across different domains. EGP protocol includes known routers, network addresses, route costs, or neighboring devices. EIGRP is a hybrid routing protocol that provides routing protocols, distance vector, and link-state routing protocols. OSPF routing allows you to maintain databases detailing information about the surrounding topology of the network.
Routing Protocols Companion Guide. Table showed how routing protocols can be classified according to various characteristics.
This section gives an overview of the most common IP routing protocols. Most of these routing protocols will be examined in detail in other chapters.
For now, this section gives a very brief overview of each protocol. Routing protocols can be classified into different groups according to their characteristics. Specifically, routing protocols can be classified by their:.
Link-state routing protocols are classless by nature. Figure displays a hierarchical view of dynamic routing protocol classification. Figure Routing Protocol Classification. An autonomous system AS is a collection of routers under a common administration such as a company or an organization. An AS is also known as a routing domain. For example, in Figure , R1 knows that the distance to reach network Figure The Meaning of Distance Vector.
A router using a distance vector routing protocol does not have the knowledge of the entire path to a destination network.
Distance vector protocols use routers as sign posts along the path to the final destination. The only information a router knows about a remote network is the distance or metric to reach that network and which path or interface to use to get there. Distance vector routing protocols do not have an actual map of the network topology.
In contrast to distance vector routing protocol operation, a router configured with a link-state routing protocol can create a complete view or topology of the network by gathering information from all of the other routers. To continue our analogy of sign posts, using a link-state routing protocol is like having a complete map of the network topology.
The sign posts along the way from source to destination are not necessary, because all link-state routers are using an identical map of the network.
A link-state router uses the link-state information to create a topology map and to select the best path to all destination networks in the topology. RIP-enabled routers send periodic updates of their routing information to their neighbors.
Link-state routing protocols do not use periodic updates. After the network has converged, a link-state update is only sent when there is a change in the topology. For example, in Figure , the link-state update is sent when the Figure Link-State Protocol Operation. Video 3. Go to the online course and play the animation to see how a link-state update is only sent when the The biggest distinction between classful and classless routing protocols is that classful routing protocols do not send subnet mask information in their routing updates.
Classless routing protocols include subnet mask information in the routing updates. They were created when network addresses were allocated based on classes i. At that time, a routing protocol did not need to include the subnet mask in the routing update, because the network mask could be determined based on the first octet of the network address.
All other IPv4 and IPv6 routing protocols are classless. Classful addressing has never been a part of IPv6. Classful routing protocols also create problems in discontiguous networks. A discontiguous network is when subnets from the same classful major network address are separated by a different classful network address.
To illustrate the shortcoming of classful routing, refer to the topology in Figure Notice that the LANs of R1 They are separated by different classful network addresses When R1 forwards an update to R2, RIPv1 does not include the subnet mask information with the update; it only forwards the class B network address R2 receives and processes the update.
It then creates and adds an entry for the class B Figure R2 Adds the Entry for When R3 forwards an update to R2, it also does not include the subnet mask information and therefore only forwards the classful network address R2 receives and processes the update and adds another entry for the classful network address When there are two entries with identical metrics in the routing table, the router shares the load of the traffic equally among the two links.
This is known as load balancing. Discontiguous networks have a negative impact on a network. For example, a ping to This pattern would continue until the ping command is done. Modern networks no longer use classful IP addressing and the subnet mask cannot be determined by the value of the first octet.
IPv6 routing protocols are classless. The distinction whether a routing protocol is classful or classless typically only applies to IPv4 routing protocols. All IPv6 routing protocols are considered classless because they include the prefix-length with the IPv6 address. Figures through illustrate how classless routing solves the issues created with classful routing. Figure R2 Adds the Entry for the
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