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We have no bibliographic references for this item. See Kumar for further details. Waste pickers constitute about 1 per cent of urban employment in many countries Vanek et al. They contribute to public health and lower the costs of solid waste management borne by municipalities UN Habitat ; Scheinberg Further recycling is one of the cheapest, fastest ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and use fewer virgin resources Tellus Institute Despite progress made in highlighting the contribution of waste pickers to recycling and climate change mitigation, waste pickers in many contexts work in deplorable conditions, receiving little or no support from local authorities and facing continual threats.
Waste pickers are often subject to arbitrary pricing by middlemen and to harassment on the streets. Further there is a global trend of privatizing the collection, transport, and disposal of waste and recyclables. At a meeting of waste pickers from 34 countries held in Pune, India in April , privatization usually leading to waste-to-energy schemes was highlighted as the greatest threat to livelihoods. There are however also encouraging trends particularly in Latin America and India of waste collectors forming themselves into co-operatives.
This places them in a stronger position to secure better prices from middle men, negotiate with local authorities for access to waste and appropriate facilities but also defend their rights. Peru and Brazil have both passed progressive national laws that support the formalization of waste picking and encourage cooperatives.
In Peru, Law Subsequent cases have appealed to constitutional provisions, to argue that cooperatives of waste pickers — and not only corporations — can compete in waste recycling markets. The court mandated that the cooperatives of waste pickers had a right to compete for the city tenders. In March , the ARB submitted its bid to the city. In March , the waste pickers began to be paid by the city for collecting and transporting waste. What are the core common lessons from these examples of inclusive urban planning and practices?
One is that there are powerful vested interests — property developers, large retailers, private waste management companies — competing for urban land, urban services, urban customers, and city contracts. Another is that informal workers need to be organized in order to compete with these vested interests and to demand from the city their fair share of urban land, urban services, and city contracts; and representatives of these informal worker organizations need to be integrally involved in urban planning processes.
Given the sheer size and significant contributions of the informal economy and that most of the urban working poor, especially women, are engaged in the informal economy, more attention needs to be paid to urban informal livelihoods in efforts to make cities more inclusive and to reduce urban poverty.
Improved statistics on urban informal employment are important: as data have power. Policy makers like data, more than other kinds of information.
N ot only does informal employment continue to be an important part of the urban labour force but improvements in data collection are also possible. What, then, is needed going forward. First, it is important that informed users of urban statistics encourage national statistical services and the international statistical community to further develop statistical concepts and methods to better measure the urban informal economy and to identify separately all categories of urban informal workers.
Second, it is also important that informed users of official statistics make the data and related data analyses readily accessible to researchers, policymakers and advocates in user-friendly formats. Further, more grounded research on the working conditions of the urban informal workforce and how they are impacted by government plans, policies and practices is needed.
Finally, detailed documentation is needed of cases where informal workers have been included into urban plans, with particular attention being paid to how private sector interests have been confronted, and the implications of these cases for activists and the practises of urban professionals with a particular focus on planners, architects, urban designers and engineers.
As summarized above, inclusive planning and policy approaches to the urban informal economy are possible, even if difficult. Here are some of the core elements of inclusive urban planning processes and practices:.
Finally, there is a need to recognize that inclusive planning will require a fundamental change in mindsets. Just as the policy makers encourage bio diversity, they should encourage economic diversity. Publication Type.
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